Dr. Jose Rizal Writing

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino nationalist, novelist, poet, ophthalmologist, journalist, and revolutionary. He is widely considered the greatest national hero of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and a number of poems and essays. He was executed on December 30, 1896 by a squad of Filipino soldiers of the Spanish Army. He returned to the Philippines in 1892, but was exiled due to his desire for reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and executed on December 30, 1896, at age 35. On June 19, 1861, Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born in Calamba in the Philippines' Laguna Province. A brilliant student who became proficient in multiple languages, Jose Rizal studied medicine in Manila. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete his medical degree. While in Europe, Jose Rizal became part of the Propaganda Movement, connecting with other Filipinos who wanted reform. He also wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not/The Social Cancer), a work that detailed the dark aspects of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the role of Catholic friars. The book was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled in. Because of this novel, Rizal's return to the Philippines in 1887 was cut short when he was targeted by police. Rizal returned to Europe and continued to write, releasing his follow-up novel, El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) in 1891. He also published articles in La Solidaridad, a paper aligned with the Propaganda Movement. The reforms Rizal advocated for did not include independence—he called for equal treatment of Filipinos, limiting the power of Spanish friars and representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes (Spain's parliament). Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892, feeling he needed to be in the country to effect change. Although the reform society he founded, the Liga Filipino (Philippine League), supported non-violent action, Rizal was still exiled to Dapitan, on the island of Mindanao. During the four years Rizal was in exile, he practiced medicine and took on students. In 1895, Rizal asked for permission to travel to Cuba as an army doctor. His request was approved, but in August 1896, Katipunan, a nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres Bonifacio, revolted. Though he had no ties to the group, and disapproved of its violent methods, Rizal was arrested shortly thereafter. After a show trial, Rizal was convicted of sedition and sentenced to death by firing squad. Rizal's public execution was carried out in Manila on December 30, 1896, when he was 35 years old. His execution created more opposition to Spanish rule. Spain's control of the Philippines ended in 1898, though the country did not gain lasting independence until after World War II. Rizal remains a nationalist icon in the Philippines for helping the country take its first steps toward independence. The greatest contribution of Dr. Jose rizal in our country is the two novel he written; the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, by this many filipinos awaken by the slavery of Spaniards to the Filipinos. He used these two writings instead of holding a sword against the Spaniards. He proved to everybody that pen is mightier than a sword. He also organized the first cooperative in the Philippines while in exile in Dapitan. The Rizal's clay sculptures, including the one entitled Prometheus Bound, are very original. They are not only pleasing to look at, but also show social issues. Rizal used art as a medium to effect societal change. Rizal's pencil sketches also show techniques that were later used in comic strips. For these, the historian Gregorio Zaide nicknamed Rizal as the â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci of the Philippines†. He was also an exemplary example of Filipino Values. He also advocated a peaceful and a diplomatic way to speak out Spanish indifferences. Andres Bonifacio, on the other hand, advocated a bloody revolution, which is against the Filipino value of life. He also made anthropological researches on the physical and social make up man. He also experimented on various plants as he practiced horticulture. He also made researches on the physiology, classification and habits of animals. Aside from being an ophthalmologist, he practiced engineering and constructed a water system while in exile in Dapitan. His death gave new courage to the filipinos like emilio aguinaldo etc. to defend Filipino people from foreign accusations of foolishness and lack of knowledge; to show how the Filipino people lives during Spanish colonial period and the cries and woes of his countrymen against abusive officials; to discuss what religion and belief can really do to everyday lives; and to expose the cruelties, graft, and corruption of the false government at honestly show the wrongdoings of Filipinos that led to further failure. Dr. Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso is by far, without a doubt, the greatest hero this nation can ever have. Ever since the very foundation of our early education, we have been taught about a man to whom we owe the sweet taste of independence we now have the privilege to enjoy. Rafael Palma, a person of great significance once said, â€Å"The doctrines of Rizal are not for one epoch, but for all epochs. They are as valid today as they were yesterday and it will still be strongly valid in the future. This signifies the immortality of Rizal’s life, works, and genuine character. And as our beloved country’s National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal will be remembered, forever. That we can be sure of. However, the world will never run out of skeptics. Some have lead themselves to believe that Dr. Rizal was a made-to-order hero; one that personifies what we want to see in a person, or in a hero, for this matter. But we strongly believe, that these opinions hold no truth. Dr. Jose Rizal was a very real human being. One who had his share of mistakes, and heartaches, but nevertheless stood for what he believed in, and lead his nation to freedom. Who made Jose Rizal our foremost national hero, and why? But before we can come up with a logical answer to that, we must first look into the character and works of Dr. Jose Rizal that made him our national hero. First and foremost, as stated by the authors Gregorio and Sonia Zaide in the book Jose Rizal, Dr. Rizal is our greatest hero because he took an â€Å"admirable part† in that movement which roughly covered the period from 1882-1896. His wondrous magic with words in his writings, had a tremendous contribution to the formation of Filipino nationality, lead his fellow men to assert their right to our nation. Dr. Rizal’s works sparked a flame that set us free. The authors have previously stated, â€Å"†¦no Filipino has yet been born who could equal or surpass Rizal as â€Å"person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering. † This is the second point. We can all agree about the fact that not one citizen of the country had yet to show the same characteristics, or had done the bravest of acts for his country as Dr. Jose Rizal. Considering his natural endowments—intellegence, wealth, influence—Dr.Jose Rizal could’ve chosen a life in prosperity, up, up and away in another island. But instead, he dedicated his life into writing for the sake of his love for public service to the Filipino people, and the Philippines. nd lastly, Jose Rizal is the greatest Filipino hero because he is â€Å"a man honored after death by public worship, because of exceptional service to mankind. † (Gregorio and Sonia Zaide, Jose Rizal). Dr. Jose Rizal is not only highly acclaimed up to this very time because of the exemplary literature we still study to this day. He is still very highly remembered and ever adored because of his conviction, service, and great love for the Filipino people, and the country. This is because he is still celebrated years after he left the face of the earth. He was a great leader, who offered exceptional service to mankind. Going back to our main question: Who made Dr. Jose Rizal our foremost national hero, and why? My answer is going to be brief, and simple. Not one person or organization can be held responsible for making Dr. Jose Rizal our national hero. Rizal himself, his own people, and the foreigners all together contributed to make him the greatest hero and martyr of his people. This is because; Dr. Jose Rizal didn’t become our National Hero by way of traditional election. The fruits of his exceptional dedication and conviction to his life’s purpose are seen in our everyday lives. If he hadn’t, and among other note-worthy heroes of our history fought for our well-deserved freedom, maybe we’ll still be in the hands of our unjust captors. His â€Å"excellent qualities and merits† (Rafael Palma) made him Our Foremost National Hero.

Personal Values in the Work Place

The ten values (both work and personal) that I have chosen are adventure, affection (love and caring), creativity, excitement, friendships, having a family, quality relationships, religion, status, and wealth. Adventure is a component of a valued way of life for me because I feel most alive when I’m taking risks. Bold and risky undertakings are fun. Taking chances and daring yourself to push your limits are good for the soul. Creativity is the ability to transcend traditional ideas to create meaningful new ideas! It’s important to me to feel inspired. In the work place, if you use your imagination, you could solve problems that were impossible to solve before. Having a family is a personal value that most people strive for. Families are supportive and will help me in my career. My elder relatives are wise and would advise me in any career move and my younger siblings could cheer for me on the sidelines. Religion does not belong in the work place. However when I spend time in prayer I feel inner peace, which in turn effects my work overall. Religion is a form of mediation for me. Spiritual-mindedness in my personal lives helps me in the work place. Wealth is something from the workplace that will greatly effect my personal life. With a plentiful amount of wealth, my family can feel secure and will be able to focus on other things in life. I don’t want lack of money to prohibit anything in my life.

Does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Essay Example This essay will examine the theory of humanism in child development with relation to learning and education. Humanism was first developed in the 1960s by prominent authors Maslow and Rogers. Many aspects of this approach are still relevant today. In particular, this essay will consider Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as well as whether this is followed in practice and what criticism and contrasting theories exist. This theory has been applied in many different applications since its development and continues to be well used into the present day. Theories of Development There are a number of different theories that examine the way in which children learn and develop in educational environments . Prominent among these are behaviourism, constructivism, cognitivism, theories of social interaction and humanistic theories. Behavioural theory is determinalistic, and believes that the learner is a passive entity that responds solely to changes in environmental stimuli. Under constructivis m, learning is viewed as an active process while cognitive theories do not consider learning to be a change in behaviour, but rather a process through which new information is acquired . Humanism is an approach to learning and education that has been present since the 1960s. It was developed as a contrast to approaches such as behaviourism and cognitivism, both of which are heavily determinalistic. Humanists believe that the way in which an individual behaves is related to who they are internally, their feelings and concept of self. The approach assumes that humans are essentially good, and that growth and fulfilment are a predominant human motive. Humanism has resulted in many scientific advances in the understanding of human behaviour, and in particular, advances in professional practice . Humanism was initially developed for education by two prominent authors in the 1960’s and subsequently became an established movement within American psychology. These authors were Carl R ogers and Abraham Maslow and their views are thought to be relevant in education today. It has been argued that the current problems experienced in education are largely related to a failure to address the concerns that the authors raised . Rogers argues that in the present time traditional schooling methods are failing as people need a higher level of expertise in today’s world than was needed in the past, and there is a greater need to understand how and why something occurs than ever before. He focuses on the idea of person-centred learning, where the process of learning is the most important factor and the outcome is secondary. At the time of writing, more than 95 percent of activities within schools were selected by teachers, and Rogers considers that students having input in the activities that are undertaken is an essential component of effective learning. . The idea of person-centred learning that Rogers forwarded has become an effective approach in psychotherapy and counselling and is used frequently in modern times. However, his approach has not been widely adopted in schools. Maslow forwarded the idea that human motivation is the result of people seeking to grow and looking for fulfilment or self-actualisation. He produced a

Are Nietzsche's criticisms of morality convincing Essay

Are Nietzsche's criticisms of morality convincing - Essay Example According to him they were a dominant class that he calls â€Å"masters† who created a moral code that the subordinates in the society had to follow (Danto, 1994). Master morality is the morality of the strong willed. To those who practice master morality, the basic principle is that what is good is helpful and that which is bad is harmful. In the ancient times, the value or otherwise of an action was determined by its consequences. This basically implies that morality does not exist per se but rather, there are only moral interpretations of situations and occurrences. According to Nietzsche, the essence of morality is nobility. For the strong willed in the society that which is good is noble and powerful while the bad is weak, timid and cowardly. For the Master morality, the defining factor is the idea of what is good and later the nature of bad is defined as that which is not good. In master morality, open mindedness courage and an accurate sense of self worth are attributes that are highly valued. Hence, masters are creators of morality and master morality is self-determinant (Hooker, 2000). Master morality embodies living life to the fullest a completely natural human functioning. It has little concern for the outside and as such, lives a life free from external restrictions. Masters affirm themselves from the onset and then enforce their morality to everyone below them. Essentially, masters are more concerned about that which their self deems right. The other issues that are nonrelated are considered secondary and insignificant. In a way, the masters define what they want and everything else that is not aligned to their perspective and beliefs is non consequential. The ideals of the society and other people do not affect their morality. In fact, the superior people are not afraid to express their will to power. They are determined to let their self serving morality be the one that the others follow. Master morality does not let the will of the herds to determine their lifestyle and moral direction. On the contrary, these superior people consider the values of other people to be of little or no significance and their sole objective is to advance their self interests. Those who follow master morality subscribe to their self defined rules and are not bound by the values of the society or institutions. Thus, it is imperative that the masters craft their own reality and morality. Nietzsche argues that those who follow the master morality are the ones who determine the development of human race to higher levels. Even from the historical background, men who have had the greatest impact in the history of mankind are the strong-willed. The timid and weak simply do not have the capacity to make things happen. Transformation and authority requires a higher degree of self worth and belief in order to convince the followers (Ridley, 1998). Suffice to say, Nietzsche paints those who follow master morality as stiff necked people with a high sense of self imposed supremacy. They do not have room for reason as they deem their ideas to be the most superior of all. The masters are close minded and they do not have room to change their set beliefs. He further argues that these superior people do not even belief that new knowledge can make them revise their previous positions. Morality for the masters is a personal issue rather than a communal beliefs system. This means that those who practice

Quality Management in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality Management in Business - Assignment Example r organisation seeks to ensure that its product quality is preserved or enhanced and most vitally, its operational errors are eliminated towards the attainment of predetermined organisational targets (Jain, 2001). With this concern, the assignment aim at discussing about the various principles of quality management as applicable in the tourism business, providing adequate stress on its importance, advantages along with drawbacks and practical applications within modern tourism business organisations. The notion of quality management has gained immense importance within the tourism business sector of this modern day context. Such immense significance has been driven by certain critical factors that need to be considered in order to gain an in-depth understanding of quality management aspect in the contemporary tourism business context. These factors comprise prevalence of extreme business market competition and increased level of globalisation among others. Observably, several tourism businesses have taken into concern the aspect of quality management to enhance their ability of providing a vibrant business focus, enhancing overall efficiency, raising customer satisfaction level, developing communications and augmenting cash flow along with profits balancing its quantitative and qualitative organisational interests alongside. In the present day context, wherein the business market environment is incessantly transforming and the demands as well as the preferences of the consumers are immensely fluctuating, quality management helps tourism businesses to overcome these worsening situations by a certain extent. It would be vital to mention in this regard that the customers belonging to this modern day context are much concerned towards obtaining better quality of products and services; rather than considering prices of the same. In this similar context, businesses of modern tourism based organisations tend to focus more on quality management as an imperative aspect

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy Essay

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy - Essay Example First group contains novice teachers in order to gain their perspective about the program, their demands and concerns. The other group would consist of mentor teachers in order to gain their perspective, developing a strategy to provide help and the best way to support beginning teachers. Also, Questionnaires will be used besides observation and note taking. Using questioners might help to supporting the findings of the case study. In Italy large number of new teachers is hired each year. Each of these new teachers is expected to assume the same responsibilities as veteran teachers on the first day of employment. With limited experience and limited support, they are expected to provide a quality educational experience for the students in their classrooms. Most schools in Italy are traditional in structure, hence each of the new teachers taught in a self-contained classroom. Novice teacher, newly experiencing the problems of teaching, are alone with their students for the majority of the day, trying to identify and satisfy the needs of several students with unique needs. This isolation limited the support and assistance that novices could gain from their more experienced colleagues and could have added to feeling of stress and anxiety. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own.Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed? ... Educational regulations in Italy required non-tenured teachers to be observed in certain time period. Unfortunately, few received any supportive instructions in the classrooms. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own. Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed Kilgore and Kozisek (1998) and Huling-Austin (1998) felt that educators did not view teachers' supportive program as a pressing need and are not familiar with the body of knowledge related to this area. Limited support, isolation and anxiety are realities of induction year (Fuller, 1969, 207-226). As educators, we knew that the emotional well being of a child was an important factor in their ability to learn. Did it not seem reasonable to ensure that same senses of well being to our novice teachers so that they would learn and grow into responsive and effective teachers The aim of the current paper is to outline the study of building a supportive program for novice teachers in Italy, in order to solve the problems faced by novice teachers. Problems Encountered Novice teachers, being new to the problem of teaching become isolated from the institutional environment because of the system prevailed in Italian schools. This surely limits their ability to prosper from the experience of their veteran colleagues and thereby taking lot of stress. This and lack of any supportive program throughout their earlier

Women in Poverty Stricken Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women in Poverty Stricken Countries - Essay Example The disparity, then, is even more more pronounced throughout the developing countries of the world where women struggle on a daily basis to enjoy just a few of the simple freedoms that their counterparts in other parts of the world take for granted. Women in third-world countries often lack access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. This reality, therefore, begs the question of what needs to be done to ease the social, emotional, and physical difficulties facing the millions of women living in abject poverty in third world countries throughout the globe. There are many facets to living it poverty that make even the basic of human function difficult to endure. Yet, countless millions of individuals throughout the world are faced with this reality each and everyday. As difficult as poverty is to endure, however, being a female in poverty stricken countries seems to simply compound the situation. The voices of women globally have been silenced in many cases and it di fficult for them to achieve justice. Instances of rape and other unspeakable forms of abuse continue to occur almost unabated (Buvinic, 1997). Progress has certainly been made in recent years, largely due to the presence of a more globally focused media, but the reality is that much more needs to be done to protect women living in poverty in third world countries. The focus of this paper is to look at ways that society can better provide for the social, emotions, and physical needs of the millions of women living in poverty throughout the developing world. Social Needs of Women Living in Poverty Naturally, women comprise a little more than half of the world’s population, yet they represent a full seventy percent of individual living in poverty throughout the world. In the developing nations around the globe, this percentage can be even higher. This represents the reality that not only are women living in abject poverty, but often times they find themselves alone, frightened, and unable to consider any way out of their situation. In addition, the number of women raising children alone and in poverty continues to rise, further magnifying this problem. Women in poverty often find themselves victims of unspeakable social injustice and discrimination. In addition, they often discover problems in attaining access to even the most basic of healthcare services, educational options, and employment opportunities. While these difficulties certainly exist is first world countries, they are further magnified in the developing nations of the world, where class inequality is much more noticeable and government assistance is lacking (Batana 338). Even childbirth has become troubling for women living in property in much of the developing world, as there is a lack of clean medical facilities nearby that can attend to their specific and unique needs. Whereas even the poorest among us in Western societies typically have access to basic and clean child birthing facilities, that simply is not a luxury that much of world’s poor have available to them. Add to that the reality that single women giving birth are further stigmatized and less likely to receive assistance from society, and one quickly realizes the uphill struggle that women living in poverty face today in almost every facet of their social life. A child born poor, most often becomes a teenager without educational options, and adult without employment opportunities, and an elderly member of society with nobody to care for them. In other words, most of the women born into poverty in this world will remain such for the remainder of their life. Sociologist has

Discuss the Setting of Edgar Allan Poe's The Cast of Amontillado Essay

Discuss the Setting of Edgar Allan Poe's The Cast of Amontillado - Essay Example An author also uses the settings to elaborate on the surroundings or to distract one’s reader, to make way for introducing credibility or organization in a story or to make the things more confusing or chaotic. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe is a story that hovers around revenge and vengeance. The narrator in the story creates a spooky and gloomy setting centered on the underground tomb of a European aristocrat, and ideal locale and ambience to relate a mysterious and blood curdling tale from the past. The settings in this story make it more believable, add to its Gothic appeal and keep the reader expectant and apprehensive till the end. When it comes to the setting in a story, Poe’s approach was to select and reveal the details with precision and care so that they amply contributed to the mood he intended to project, while avoiding all excess and dross. This is what Poe masterfully attempts to do while choosing the setting in the work under co nsideration. The essential objective of the setting in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is to accentuate the tale’s mysteriousness, by leaving many questions unanswered. The writer or the narrator never clearly mentions the locale of the story. It is the narrator’s reference to â€Å"palazzo†, which is the Italian for a palace and his knowledge of the Italian wines that amply corroborate to the conjecture that perhaps the story is set at some place in Italy (Poe: Online). Plausibly, a noncommittal and ambiguous approach on the part of the writer regarding the place where the story takes place in a way allows the readers to let their imagination go free. This stratagem allows the readers to use one’s fancy to guess or often fill in the details that the writer purposely left unanswered and untold. The tendency to hide big details while immaculately etching the micro physical and atmospheric elements of the surroundings in which the story takes place, m akes the writer have a hold over the readers deep seated emotions of pity and fear, while nowhere obviously appearing to do so. Again the writer never directly mentions the time in which the story takes place. However, it will be safe to say that it took place somewhere around 18th or 19th century, as Fortunato is depicted as being a Mason (Poe: Online). Also, Montresor is shown as wearing a ‘roquelaire’, which was a common fashion accessory, attributed to the 18th and the 19th century (Poe: Online). The ambiguity regarding the time and place in the narrative initially frustrates the reader, until one relents and surrenders one’s imagination to the will and intentions of the writer. Poe also uses the setting in the story to create a contrast between the revelry of the carnival in the 18th century Italy and the horror associated with Montresor’s vaults and catacombs (Poe: Online). The parties, costumes, feasts, parades, capes and masks signifying the festiv ities and joys of the carnival are in sharp contrast to the darkness, murkiness and somewhat diabolical nature of the crime that Montresor intends to commit. The gaiety and piety associated with the carnival acts as a file which further accentuates the morbidity of Montresor’s intentions and strategy. The brooding sense of fear and threat are in a way get highlighted by the atmosphere in Montresor’s underground vault where both his wine and the skeleton’s of his family members reside (Poe: Online). To the essentially American readers of Poe, these

Techwire Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Techwire - Case Study Example The embedded strategy is to competitively develop the company increasing the stakes for all players. The company is operating in a gorgeous as well as stable industry and has key competitive advantages supported by considerable financial strength (Jarzabkowski, 2005). SWOT Analysis is a helpful technique for comprehending the Strengths as well as Weaknesses, and for discovering all the Opportunities present to the business and finally, the Threats or risks a company experiences (Ratnasingam, 2006). Applied in a business perspective it assists one carve a continued existence niche in the marketplace. Applied in a personal background, it permits one to create his or her profession in a manner that takes maximum advantage of their capabilities, talents as well as opportunities. Techwire business strengths are in general, the company is presently having the best team coupled with scientific engineers who are well-trained to make this excellent software. Additionally, the Chief Financial Officer) on the company formerly developed an implausible request that is distributed pertaining to large sums of money. The company has a number of demerits currently even though most of us are trying to concentrate on these people and also solve the limitations. Perceiving as the business bears a 50 million dollar deficiency, most of us are incapable to devote to marketing and promotion as well public regards as of now. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix is a strategic instrument which is applied in evaluating alternative group of strategies. The QSPM includes previous stage details in a systematic manner to compute the score of numerous strategies so as to discover the best counterpart strategy for the business (Yogyakarta, 2008). The QSPM emerges under the third phase of strategy creation which is known as â€Å"The Decision phase†

Perfect Competition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perfect Competition - Research Paper Example So for argument’s sake, we’ll consider the farming sector, and focus on claims on â€Å"Eggs† as the primary example. Eggs are a basic food item in the USA and around the world, and it’s known for its high nutrition value and edibility. Eggs are sold across the USA in almost all convenient stores, and consumed on a daily basis by end users in various forms. Not only that, but many large corporations also engage in B2B transactions with egg suppliers as the product is also used as raw material for other products such as cake mixes, mayonnaise, salad dressings etc. Thus buyers of this product are seemly infinite. The sellers of this product include poultry farmers across the country. Also, large corporations have entered this industry for the sole purpose of egg production, utilizing the concept of battery cages for efficient and expedited production. A survey conducted in the year 2008 yielded results that there were around 287million hens involved in meeting the egg production requirements of the country, a population of over 300 million people. This implies that the egg production in the US A more than abundant. The primary production is done via farmers and the automated plants, but the retailers and wholesalers are the channel through which end-users make the purchase. The situation is such that the USA exports some of its production, which in essence generates a very minimal supply-demand gap. 2) When considering barriers to entry and exits, the market entails high entry costs for both engaging in poultry farming and battery cages. However retailers and wholesalers avoid this cost, but at the same time incur costs of packaging and displays. 3) Factors of production are not very mobile short-term in the sense that if there was a sudden increase of 20% in the demand for eggs, the supply wouldn’t increase immediately. However, in the long run the production could be maneuvered to meet the demand as best as possible. 7) Eggs are a standardized product

Personal, learning & thinking skills Essay Example for Free

Personal, learning thinking skills Essay To provide the highest level of personal care (toileting, bathing etc) and attention to residents, following individual care plans carefully and ensuring that all contact is polite, friendly warm and supportive. To act as a key worker for a named group of residents, ensuring that these responsibilities are carried out in full (as defined in the training manual). To understand and comply with all statutory and legal requirements which are relevant such as Health safety, COSSH, all aspects of the health social care Act, to maintain a safe enviroment throughout the home. Understand and have an awareness of infection control. To always be alert to residents physical and mental well being, immediately reporting and changes in a residents condition to a senior person on duty, and to accurately maintain and update residents records as required. To respect and maintain confidentiality of residents personal information at all times, this includes residents behaviour and actions and any incidents that may occur in the course of day to day care. Be understanding and patient towards residents and their needs, and encourage, assist and support residents to  participate in lesiure activities as appropriate to the individual, ensuring their social and emotional needs are met. This also includes escorting residents to outside appoinments and leisure outings. Responsible for making and changing bed, tidying residents rooms (with the residents permission) undertaking light cleaning duties as needed and generally assisting in ensuring that the Home is kept clean, pleasant and wecoming at all times. Helping to serve meals and drinks at meal times and other times when required, taking care to present meals and refreshment in an attractive way, with polite and courteous service. Also, to provide the appropriate level of support and helping new team members as appropriate, ensuring that the Care Home is a friendly and supportive working enviroment.

Mega Events And The Legacy It Leaves Behind Tourism Essay

Mega Events And The Legacy It Leaves Behind Tourism Essay City planners around the world get an opportunity for rapid urban development and regeneration at a large scale through mega-event planning. The Barcelona Olympics of 1991 saw a paramount shift in mega-event planning, where city planners focused on the legacy that the event leaves behind and its impact on the city. The sustainable urban development of the city of Barcelona catapulted it to one of the top cities of Europe in a matter of year. Following the success of the Barcelona Games, mega-event organizations such as the IOC, Commonwealth Federation, FIFA etc. began focusing on the legacy plan of bidding cities for determining winning bids for such mega-events. An understanding of the effects of various legacy plans and its implementation in bid-winning cities is essential in formulating guild lines for evaluating the success of the legacy plans. The City of Delhi derived much of its legacy plan from previous bid winners and developed its urban regeneration plan for the city. The intention of this dissertation is to investigate the legacy plan for urban regeneration intended for the city of Delhi through the Commonwealth Games as well as the legacy that the event left behind. A comparison can therefore, be made to determine the extent to which the urban regeneration plan was implemented and how successful it was. The Macmillan Dictionary defines: Legacy: something  such  as  a  tradition  or  problem  that  exists  as  a  result  of  something  that  happened  in  the  past. something  that  someone  has  achieved  that  continues  to  exists  after  they  stop   working  or  die. The mega-event is by its nature large scale, organized by the social elite in the host nation or city and projects secular values and principles through the creation of an official version of the city or nations history and contemporary identity. Performance mega-events are typified in the 20th century by the Olympics and represent a populist cultural expression of the achievements of the host city or nation (Roche, 2000). Reinvention of a Mega-event as catalyst of urban development became prominent towards the late 1970s. Reasons for this were the growing awareness of the pervasiveness of deindustrialization led city planners to take action to stimulate new sources of employment and also that urban regeneration by traditional production based approaches became implausible. This lead to alternate strategies that relied on service industries and consumption to supply growth.(R.Gold, M. Gold, 2007) Mega-events are used by city planners to fast forward the planning and execution process by overcoming problems of urbanism. The recent host cities of mega-events have used it to contain the social disruption arising from rapid urbanization and economic expansion. Host cities use these events to achieve specific local and national goals. The 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games represented an opportunity to redevelop the city using a mix of public and private sector funding that balanced the commercial and social aims. The Fantasy City model (aggressive commercialism and tourist orientation) of the Los Angeles Games were modified and the Barcelona approach emerged as an alternative to obtaining a post-Games regeneration legacy. Since 1992, Legacy has assumed a considerable significance to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as its evaluation process has incorporated environmental and other social dimensions and is now firmly focused upon non-sport related outcomes as a source of legi timation for hosting the Games. The Barcelona inspired modification of the commercial approach to hosting the Games was replicated by London with the 2012 bid creating a combination of public and private funding and partnerships to deliver the event and an ambitious social, cultural and economic legacy. (Poynter, 2009). The Government of India also gave a comprehensive legacy plan to the Commonwealth Federation in order to win the bid of the 2010 Commonwealth Games to Delhi, India over Hamilton, Canada. The study of previous Mega-events particularly the Olympics of Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004, their legacy plan and implementation, are key to understanding and analyzing the legacy plan for Delhi post the Commonwealth Games of 2010. The key findings of the Greater London Authority on previous editions of the Olympic Games of Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004 for assessing the Legacy of the London Olympics of 2012, are as follows: Economic Legacy Momentum In the economic sphere Legacy Momentum refers to the capacity of the city and regional economy to continue an upward growth path following the immediate post-Games downturn in economic activity. The capacity to achieve momentum relates to several factors. The Games must complement an already existing regeneration plan that involves new phases beyond the Olympic event. The knowledge-base derived from the preparation and staging of the event is not dispersed when the Games end but is utilized to promote further innovation with the city and region. 3. The negative consequences and omissions from the Olympic-related regeneration phase are addressed in subsequent urban development projects. Barcelona (1992) is the best example of a host city achieving Legacy Momentum. The Mega Event and the City Economy The impact of the Games on a city economy is both tangible and intangible. The intangible re-branding of a city may have subsequent tangible effects, especially through inward investment and the enhancement of entrepreneurial confidence and expertise (Barcelona 1992). The Games provides a significant catalyst for renewal; accelerating the completion of infrastructure projects (Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996, Athens 2004 and more modestly Sydney 2000) but the host city population emerges with a balance sheet of positives and negatives from a process of regeneration that happens to it rather than is shaped by it. Social, Cultural and Lifestyle Olympic Philosophy: Regeneration The IOC commits to ensure that the host cities and their residents are left with the most positive legacy of venues, infrastructure, expertise and experience Urban Renewal All Cities pursue hard legacy gains: infrastructure, the reorientation of city spaces, improved amenity, new types of land use and economic activity. Barcelona is the acknowledged success story here. Planned-in legacy offsets white elephant syndrome in some cases The post-Games use of infrastructure is an important guide to the success of the Games, and in all cases legacy needs to be built into initial conception, design and delivery of Olympic facilities (buildings, but also IT, governance, city brand management, and post Games maintenance contracts). Barcelona Olympic village, Atlanta business tourism, Sydney and Australian tourism and Athens transport systems provide indicative evidence. The Green Legacy The first Green Games, and its Environmental Audit Legacy- Sydney was the first Games to be audited throughout by Greenpeace, who issued a detailed and fairly positive report. Any future Games environmental impact will be judged according to the Sydney benchmark, and therefore cooperation with NGOs (in information sharing, planning and execution as well as in establishing the principles for construction, raw materials procurement, etc) is vital. Sustainability and poverty reduction Environmental sensitivity and sustainable development together form the third pillar of Olympism, as is fully explained in the Olympic Agenda 21 document of 1999. Sustainable development means engaging with the whole worlds needs for clean air and water, and creating opportunities for personal and social development worldwide. Hard infrastructure and urban renewal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Housing, Olympic Village development (Cashman 2006) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transport connectivity and enhancement greener, cleaner and more efficient (Cashman 2006; Essex and Chalkey 1998) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economic success (Preuss 2004; Cashman 2006) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Telecommunications infrastructure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sporting facilities permitting increased sports and other community activities/participation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The outward fabric of the city cleaning and greening à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hotel and other tourist and leisure venues including night time Economy Definition of a Good Legacy While each of the past cities can be seen to have pursued many of these aims, typically each city can be shown to have emphasized in particular instances a narrower range of ambitions. It is the case that typically cities aim to integrate Olympic-based renewal alongside wider urban development agendas.( Preuss 2004). Notable differences in cities starting points Adapted from McKay and Plumb (2001) The Barcelona Games (1992) are often cited as a model for London. These Games represented the regeneration of an entire city of three million people, rather than a narrower geographical area within a larger city. It is also worth noting that the Barcelona Games were the most expensive of the recent Olympiads, as a consequence of the large-scale regeneration program. The Atlanta Games (1996) were not particularly focused on regeneration. Spending was confined largely to sporting facilities (no Olympic Village was built, for instance), and the private funding of the Games left a very limited legacy. The Sydney Games (2000) were less focused on regeneration than the London Olympics are: the Homebush area was regenerated by the Games, but the residential areas were in fact already wealthier than Sydney overall. Athens Some major regeneration projects (2004) included the Athens metro and road systems. Revivification of Athens as a world class tourist city and assertion of relationships with Europe were key aims. Other Legacies Typically, apart from sporting venues, there are four areas of development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transportation: road, rail, tram, air and various interconnections, as well as policy and planning on parking, pedestrianisation and modal shift. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Telecommunications infrastructure primarily to service the worlds media, but in the future perhaps also developing Olympic area for WiFi and/or other connectivity for visitors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Housing, especially the Olympic village urban realm and cultural infrastructure night time economy, Cultural activities as well as ecological and parkland projects. There is typically some initial disruption locally, and related concerns about the long and short term impact of such development on various costs, especially on the inflationary impact on rents and prices, not only in the short term period of the Games, when congested transport systems and the prospect of inflated restaurant prices can jar with local communities, but in the medium and longer term, where infrastructure investment, especially improved transport links (as well as reputational benefits for the city) can drive up property and rental prices either city wide or, as is more significant, in certain privileged areas. The Games are welcomed as a stimulus to and accelerator of such investment and developmental change in the city, however; transformations leading to gentrification and house price/rental inflation can rapidly produce divisions. As with any kind of regeneration project, the Games can contribute to an amplification of socioeconomic differences, producing new spatial distributions of wealth and well-being and gentrification effects which sometimes polarise local populations in regenerating areas. For instance, Barcelona is understood to be amongst the most successful cities in terms of legacy. As part of its successful development of its image and infrastructure towards becoming a key European hub and a renewed centre for global tourism and culture, the city has also seen (as a consequence) massive house price and rental inflation (131% between 1987-1992), and the emergence of a large population of wealthy international resident/visitors and property investors benefiting from long term infrastructure investments more directly than some local populations, whose access to housing and jobs may not have significantly improved. Legacy of Sports Infrastructure It is possible to identify a range of subsequent legacy uses for sports infrastructure. The afterlife of the venue is an inaccurate designation, since the short, 16 day Olympic phase (not including the test and training events that may proceed the Games proper) while determining many of the features and fabric of the structure, ideally ought not, exclusively and definitively pre- or pro- scribe subsequent usage. Preuss (2004) suggests four main follow up uses of Olympic facilities, to which we might add a further use, drawing on Cashmans (2006) account of the importance of memory and retrospection in informing the subsequent symbolic and soft legacies of the Games: Follow up usage of Olympic Infrastructure (Table below) Source : adapted from Preuss, 2004 and Cashman 2005 The Requirements There is no direct correlation between such increases and the wide variations in the cost of putting Games on, however; such variance is a function of decisions about how and which sporting and other infrastructure will and must be developed, revitalized or replaced in the particular host city. What the Cities Built: Outlining New and Existing Facilities Clearly hard legacy, as well as costs, are linked to the proportion of new construction undertaken for the Games. This work, extensive as it is, represents less investment than the large capital projects such as roads, rail links and land reclamation leading to fundamental legacy gains (as well as massive cost including cost overruns). However, it is the specifically Olympic buildings and in particular large stadiums that invite most speculation about future usage. The degree of new infrastructure development undertaken by different cites varies (Preuss 2004; Baim 2007; Essex and Chalkey 2003). In part this is a matter of culture, where specific sports and facilities (such as baseball in the UK) are not routinely apart of the host nations sporting habits. Existing development and intended investment planning largely shape this aspect of hard legacy. General Facilities Barcelona, Atlanta, Sydney and Athens (Table below) Source : Adapted from Preuss (2004) As Carbonnell (2005) suggests, drawing primarily on the Barcelona experience, For any city, hosting the Olympic Games is both an honour and a challenge. Much of the infrastructure required is temporary in nature; it only serves a purpose for the duration of the Games themselves. Barcelona took a very clear-cut approach on this issue: the aim was to undertake ambitious projects which would benefit the city as a whole, convinced that what was good for the citys residents would also be good for the Olympic family (Carbonell 2005). Accommodating the required numbers of visitors to the host city, and ensuring a high quality and secure experience for all, over 16 days, is no small task. However, the scale of host cities Olympic projects, especially when thinking in terms of legacy, must also, and primarily, include consideration of the scale, extent and quality (in terms of delivery and planning for subsequent use) of the whole refurbished fabric of the host city, in and around the main Olympic sites, but also beyond, up and down transport routes and down and through hi-tech telecom and IT infrastructure. Indicative changes in Land Use Associated with Olympic Construction (Table below) Source: Adapted from Preuss 2004 Barcelona The Olympics were an accelerant to and focus for a number of projects, some long planned, others specific to circumstances pre-1992. The Games emerged within transformations involving extensive urban development; of old fish markets, army barracks, a womens prison and polluted waterfront areas3. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The 1936-built stadium in Montjuà ®c Park was refurbished and many new venues were built. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Olympic Village necessitated a new placement of two rail lines that separated downtown Barcelona from the coastline formerly an industrial area. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The industrial section was replaced with beaches, which after the redirection of the metro line re-connected the city to the sea. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The sewage system was also modernised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Four museums and a botanical garden were renovated in preparation of the Games. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 2004 Barcelona was the number one tourist destination in Europe. Observers of host cities in the aftermath of the Olympiad are well used to noting the white elephants, the most common characterisation of infrastructure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ One kilometre of beaches in front of the Olympic Village, with a series of piers protecting the sand from the dominant stream that flows in East-West direction. The Olympic harbour with a capacity for 700 boats in the water and 300 ashore, with 75% of public space (bars, restaurants, commercial space etc). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Seaport promenade. 30 meters wide pedestrian seafront promenade with cafes, restaurant and other facilities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Two towers 100 metres high for hotels and offices and other minor buildings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Highway. Part of the city system of ring roads, with high traffic intensity (120,000 vehicles a day). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Urban nucleus. The basic idea was to link the new residential area with the traditional morphology of the city. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Some 2,000 housing units were built to host 15,000 athletes and 17,000 inhabitants. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There was finally an integrated system of parks both for the use of the communities living around and in the nearby neighbourhood. developments which fail, in the medium or long term to find suitable subsequent usage. The study of Olympic Villages throughout this century is the study of the history of ideas about how to develop the city, how to plan it and how to manage it (Munoz 1998). It is probably unwise to generalise from either extreme; however, Barcelona is an instructive instance of a largely progressive and positively received redevelopment and of imaginative and sustained legacy momentum in the post Games periods. As noted above in term of infrastructure, the Games certainly offer some improvements. Truno (1995) tracked both access and facilities in Barcelona preand post- Games. If the number of installations available in Barcelona in 1982 is compared with those available after 1992, it can be seen that the Olympic and non- Olympic investment effort resulted in an increase of 75.8% as far as installations were concerned, and of 126.4% in the case of sports venues. Altogether, a total surface area of nearly 300,000 square metres was involved (Truno 1995) The figures for use of new sports centres created after the Games: in all the installations which accept subscribers or members, there has been an increase of 46,000 new users. (Truno, 1995) P.T.O Indicative positive legacy developments from Olympic village development Barcelona(Table below) Atlanta Essex and Chalkey (1998) provide a useful summary of the Atlanta infrastructure. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The centrepiece of the Games was the Olympic Stadium (capacity of 85,000) constructed especially for the event with private finance. After the Games, it was converted to a 48,000 seat baseball park for use by the Atlanta Braves baseball team. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Other new facilities, such as the Aquatic Center, basketball gym, hockey stadium and equestrian venue, were given to educational establishments or local authorities. The main Olympic Village (133 ha) was located on the campus of Georgia Technical College. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The other main infrastructural legacy to the city was the Centennial Olympic Park in central Atlanta, which was intended to be a gathering place for visitors during the Games and later to enhance the quality of life for local residents. The Atlanta legacy is largely understood to have been committed to business and commercial aims building the reputation of the city. Nevertheless as McKay and Plumb (2001) observe, Atlanta largely used existing facilities to house athletes and as such did not experience the mass residential construction around its Olympic precinct. The Olympics did, however, have a considerable influence on the location of demand by helping to create a more attractive inner city residential environment through improvements to transport facilities, retail amenities and public areas, such as parks and pedestrian walkways. The Atlanta office market has continued to grow strongly since 1996, with more than 520,000 m.2 of office space absorbed across the metro area in 1998. INDICATIVE CASE STUDY: Negative Impacts Atlanta adapted from Newman (1999) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economically deprived African-American areas of Atlanta were affected most by the preparations for the Games. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Residents were relocated from at least six public housing projects à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ For these individuals the preparations for the Olympics were disruptive costing many the use value of their homes and neighbourhoods. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ CODAs neighbourhood revitalisation plans failed, and only those areas closest to Olympic venues received substantial support for revitalisation. Newman makes a useful point about tendencies relevant in particular to mega event driven regeneration. He suggests that events such as the Olympics are part of a process of reshaping land use in the city to make room for urban spectacle and display at the expense of the routine aspects of daily life for urban residents. In public housing projects and in low-income neighbourhoods, many families were moved to make way for the spectacle. Newman concludes that: The legacy of newly constructed sports venues and the enhanced image of Atlanta as a world city must be tempered by the continuation of a pattern of moving low-income residents to make way for growth. The study suggests that: Only the most dedicated efforts by business leaders and city government to work with low-income citizens after the Games will change the legacy of distrust the Olympics have helped to perpetuate. Athens The main features of the Athens projects included an attempt at revitalising major tracts of the city precinct. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Remediation of almost 300 ha. of disused wasteland/quarries, and 250 ha. of polluted rubbish dumps, as well as 600 ha. of former army camps deindustrialization and de-militarisation of land use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing park, recreation and environmental education areas covering 250 ha. of urban space (landscaping of 60 dry and seasonal river beds into landscaped parks) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The unification and enhancement of major tourist/archaeological sites à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Enhancement of residential districts in the centre and outskirts of the city à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transport à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Athens International Airport Regeneration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Athens ring road and designed to take traffic from notoriously congested city à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Athens Metro, with an intention towards encouraging legacy modal shift necessary in a city well known for congestion problems Sydney The main features of the Sydney Olympic regeneration were: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New sports facilities (inc. Olympic Stadium), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Telecommunications enhancements, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Land remediation in Homebush Bay, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Olympic Village built as new suburb (Newington) with housing the worlds largest solar powered settlement, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Green redevelopment: international benchmarking on waste reduction, water re-use, use of recyclable materials, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Further sports, retail, commercial and transport facilities; widening of footpaths and new street furniture, aimed at smartening up central Sydney à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transport the major policy and planning aims of the Sydney Games were to ensure public access. This would have also contributed to the green credentials of the Games. This was achieved practically by: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Public transport being the only means by which spectators [could] directly access events at major Olympic sites; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Satellite car parking venues established in park and ride type schemes. (see Cashman 2005: 200-1) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In addition the Games served as catalysts for catalyst for expansion of Sydney airport including new rail link and Eastern Distributor road linking the airport to the CBD; Cashman, noting in particular that there was a post-Games slump in enthusiasm for all things Olympic. He identifies a range of factors that should continue to be tracked, suggesting that (as with Athens) the legacy needs to mature before some key assessments can be made. These include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Media tracking and analysis of cultural issues city branding, national reputation, attitudes to multicultural issues within Australia, attitudes to disability and sport à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business and economic outcomes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Impacts on Sport elite performance and everyday participation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ecological issues The Olympic Village, Sydney The aim in building the Village was: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ to provide the best possible housing and residential facilities for all athletes and team officials à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ to apply the highest possible environmental standards à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ to provide a new suburb for post-Games use The site had previously been an abattoir. After the Games à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Village was made into a residential area, a suburb of Newington à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Medium density housing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 850 three- and four-bedroom architect designed houses and 350 two- to three-bedroom apartments in 94 hectares. Cashman offers some examination of participation. These figures are in some sense more clear, however they do not reveal too much detail about sports participation, rather giving emphasis to generalised Post Games legacy uses civic amenity as much as sporting venue nonetheless valuable social assets. Attendances at the Aquatic Centre in recent years in Sydney (Table below) Source: Cashman (2006) Overall Assessment Source: Greater London Authority ( 2007)

Effects Of Warm Up In Learning Second Language

Effects Of Warm Up In Learning Second Language The Effects of Warm up in Learning Second Language Abstract One of the ways to learn the language better is having a good warm up activity. This paper aims to investigate the effects of warm up as a class room activity in learning second language. It is going to have a critical study, and over view of some books and essays about this activity. This paper attends to provide the definition of warm up as an activity before the lesson. Then, it is going to discover that how could warm up affect the learning process? It is probably going to find that having a good warm up activity helps students to set for the new lesson. Key words: Warm up activity, second language, learning process Introduction Warm up is one of the good methods for ESL students to learn the second language better. This paper introduces the concept of warm up as an activity which attracts students attention and helps them to focus on the topic. Literary review An interesting way of starting a lesson could be using activities called warm-up activities or ice-breakers (Robertson Acklam, 2000). Teacher could start warm up activity by using some games, asking questions and having discussions which all should be related to the topic or lesson. A warm up activity could help a teacher to recognize the different types of students learning style. According to CÃ ¡rdenas (2001), Students learn best when they can address knowledge in ways that they trust. They will learn best through doing rather than reflecting. Therefore, teacher could use different styles like play, demonstration, discussion, and totally we could say by action. A warm up activity helps students to put aside any distractions which are in their mind and focus on topic, and it helps ESL students to think in target language. According to Peterson (2010), Beginning your lesson plans with a five minute warm up can serve to focus your students on the topic, open up creative thinking and help to apply the learning in new ways. Purpose of the study This paper assesses the impact of warm up on ESL students and aims to examine the effects of this activity on the learning process. It is going to examine these questions: 1) what are the effects of warm up activity? , and 2) how could warm up affect the learning process? Which offers two hypotheses: 1) this activity may helps ESL students to think in target language (English) and focus on the language,2) this activity may just helps ESL students to put aside any distractions and maybe after awhile they will forget whatever they learned. Therefore, this paper is going to explore the answers of these two questions and then it will discover which hypotheses are right. Method In advance this paper mentions two questions which are going to explain in this section. This paper by using critical review about warm up provides the following answers to these questions; 1) What are the effects of warm up activity? This paper propounds five important effects for warm up which are explained below. 1) Create a friendly environment. A brief warm up activity can build a relationship between the students and the learning materials (Hasan Akhand, 2013).Warm up works as an ice breaker; it helps students to be comfortable with the environment and their classmates. 2) Attract students attention. Walqui (2006) states, by focusing students attention on the main ideas, teacher first prepares the students for engaging them in interactive tasks to practice (p.169). A five or ten minute warm up attracts the students attention toward the lesson and besides being physically in the class it helps them being mentally in the classroom, too. 3) Activate the students background knowledge. Rumelhart (1980) states, we comprehend something only when we can relate it to something we already know-only when we can relate the new experience to an existing knowledge structure (as cited in Carrell, 1983, p.82). Students might forget the things which they have learned from the last class or session. Hence, a warm up activity could activate their background knowledge; things they already know or learned. 4) Think in English and focus on the topic. Kay (1995) claims that warm ups are different types of activities which help the students begin to think in English, review previously introduced materials and become interested in the lesson (as cited in Velandia, 2008, p. 11). A warm up activity could help ESL students to start thinking in second language and forget any distractions and focus on the new topic or lesson. 5) Increase students participation. Warm-up activities like joke, game, and puzzle establish a positive learning environment and make the students comfortable to participate in the classroom (Joshi, 2006). When a teacher uses warm up, because of its enjoyable and interesting feature, students attends to participate or take place in that activity. Students like to be involved in such an amazing warm up activity; it builds a sense of community inside them. Now this paper answers the second question which is: 2) How could warm up affect the learning process? Learning process is facilitated through building a positive relationship with the students. A fun or interesting class largely depends on the teachers as their personality and teaching method motivate the students to raise a positive attitude towards learning (Krishnan Hoon, 2002). Because of all those effects that warm up activity has on ESL students, it is obvious that warm up task could affect the learning process, too. Following is a diagram which displays the effects of warm up task briefly. Diagram: effects of warm up activity Discussion/conclusion This paper, in the purpose of the study, states two hypotheses: 1) this activity may helps ESL students to think in target language (English) and focus on the language,2) this activity may just helps ESL students to put aside any distractions and maybe after awhile they will forget whatever they learned. The first one is acceptable because it is correct and actual, but the second one is reject able because it could help students to put away any distractions but when we use warm up activity, it is a review of what they learned. Hence, they could not forget whatever they learned. In sum up, this paper gets to the point that warm up activity is the best way for thinking in target language, setting for the new lesson, focusing on the topic, and attracting the attention. Therefore, it should be short, interesting, related to the topic, and be at the students level or slightly above (i+1) to have their effect in learning the second language. References Akther, A. (2014). Role of Warm-up Activity in Language Classroom: A Tertiary Scenario. Retrieved from http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/bitstream/handle/10361/3553/10303010.pdf?sequence=1 Hasan, M. K., Akhand, M. M. (2013). Strategies for Enhancing the Use of Textbooks in Language Classrooms at the Tertiary Level. ABAC Journal, 33 (2), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.abacjournal.au.edu/2013/may2013/01_StrategiesforEnhancing.pdf Pakdel Estaikhbijari, Z. Khodareza, M. (2012). The Effects of Warm-up Tasks on the Iranian EFL Students Writing Ability. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/viewFile/11691/10636 Peterson, D. (2010). Warm-Up Exercises. [Online] Available: http:// www.TeachingJobs.com (September 17, 2010) Velandia, R. (2008). The Role of Warming Up Activities in Adolescent Students’ Involvement During the English Class. Profile Journal, 10, 9-26. Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1692/169214143002.pdf Walqui, A. (2006). Scaffolding Instruction for English Language Learners: A Conceptual Framework. The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9 (2), 159- 180. Retrieved from http://www.educacion.gob.es/exterior/centros/losangeles/es/series/201003-Scaffolding- Walqui.pdf Joshi, M. (2006). Diversity in Lecture-Delivery. Journal of NELTA, 11 (1-2), 1-151. Retrieved from http://nelta.org.np/uploads/files/2006.pdf Krishnan, L. A., Hoon, L. H. (2002). Diaries: listening to ‘voices’ from the multicultural classroom. ELT Journal, 56 (3), 227-239. Retrieved from http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/3/227.full.pdf+html?sid=c6d03ada-4f81-4786- 819c-78335f7f594a CÃ ¡rdenas, M. L. (2001). Responding to Childrens Learning Styles. How, 8, 17-22. Robertson, C., Acklam, R. (2000). Action Plan for Teachers a guide to teaching English. London, UK: BBC World Service. Kay, C. (1995). Scott Foresman English series. Baltimore, Maryland: Scott Foresman. Carrell, P. L. (1983). Some Issues in Studying the Role of Schemata, or Background Knowledge, in Second Language Comprehension. Reading in a foreign language, 1 (2), 81-92. Retrieved from http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/rfl/PastIssues/rfl12carrell.pdf

Research Paper :: essays papers

Research Paper â€Å"As a child, I loved athletics and physical activities. I was talented, but my talent was not appreciated or approved of by most. I watched my brothers compete on school teams. It didn't matter that in the neighborhood pick-up games, I was selected before my brothers. Society dictated that I should watch, and that they should compete. So at home in the backyard, I would catch as my brother worked on his curve ball, I would shag flies as he developed his batting prowess and, as I recall, I frequently served as his tackling dummy. The brother I caught and shagged for, and for whom I served as a tackling dummy, went on to Georgetown University on a full athletic grant. He later became vice president of a large banking firm. So, while I rode in the back seat on the bus of opportunity during my lifetime, I want my daughter's daughter and her peers to be able to select a seat based on their abilities and their willingness to work. Don't deny them the things that I dreamed of."-- Exce rpts of a letter sent to OCR in spring 1995 by Joan Martin, Senior Associate Director of Athletics, Monmouth University, New Jersey In April of 1993 the film The Sandlot premiered. The movie took place in 1963 when a group of 12-year-old boys spent their summer playing baseball at the local sandlot. In one particular scene in the movie, the boys got in a verbal dispute with a team of 12 year olds from the privileged side of town. The argument was over who was the more skilled baseball players. The camera switched back and forth from one kid to another as they exchanged insults. Then the camera stopped dramatically. One of the boys said the most heinous thing any young male can say to another, â€Å"You play ball like a girl!† It was like the other boy had just been hit with a bullet. The eyes of all the other boys involved in the argument widened and their jaws dropped. All that was heard were gasps from the rest of the kids in the movie. In 1963 that was the feeling of many people. The insult, â€Å"You play ball like a girl†, was one of the biggest insults a male could ever give anyone. Ho wever, since 1972 the Title IX law has changed many people’s opinions on females in the athletic world.

The Automatic Paige Typesetter :: essays research papers

The Automatic Paige Typesetter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people believed that the Paige typesetter was printing of the nineteenth century. One person who literally put everything he had into it was Samuel Taylor Clemens better known as Mark Twain. Mark Twain was the principle money investor of the automatic Paige typesetter. Twain thought that his investments in the machine would make him richer, but it turned out that the typesetter did the exact opposite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Paige invented the automatic Paige typesetter around 1877. The typesetter was said to have the power of four men’s jobs. It was not only going to be the greatest invention of the nineteenth century, it was going to make publishing companies a fortune by cutting down on time and initial printing costs. In 1877, Dr. George F. Hawley signed a contract with Paige to use his typesetter and the Thompson distributor, another machine that sorted printed papers, to combine them into one machine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The â€Å"Chicago Herald† tested the combined machine, or Paige compositor. The machine was roughly eleven feet long, three and one half feet wide, and six feet high. It weighted nearly 5000 pounds, and the power it needed was transmitted through a round belt to a grooved pulley 14 inches in diameter. The machined used about 1/4 to 1/3 horse-power and it could be started and turned up to speed with one finger at a 7-inch leverage. The compositor was particularly made for newspaper printing work. It did all the work of distributing, setting, justifying, and had mechanisms that were adjustable to any width of column desired for newspaper or bookwork.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the compositor seemed like a good idea it had many defects and over 18,000 mechanical parts that were not always in working order. James Paige put a great deal of time, effort, and money into his great invention. Mark Twain himself invested and lost 50,000 dollars in the machine. Despite the efforts of everybody involved with the compositor, the Linotype machine hit the market earlier and was more cost effective.

Aspirin Overdose Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspirin is one of the most commonly used drugs in history. Aspirin is used for many different reasons. People use Aspirin for its cardiovascular blood thinning properties, for its pain relieving properties and for it antipyretic properties, to name a few. Most people don’t know what Aspirin is, but only what it does for their particular needs. I will attempt to describe some different aspects of Aspirin and Aspirin overdose. I will give a brief description of what Aspirin is, chemically speaking and where aspirin originates from. The use of Aspirin for attempted suicide is common as a primary drug or as a co-drug. I will explain the possible signs and symptoms an overdose patient will experience, and the assessment, and the prehospital treatment for the patient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aspirin is derived from a chemical extracted from willow bark: Salicylate Acid. Salicylate Acid has a long history of uses. During Medieval times herbalists used it for its palliative properties. In the mid 1900’s, chemists isolated the active ingredient of willow bark, salicylic acid, and Aspirin was developed. It quickly became the drug of choice as a pain reliever, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. The first company to develop Aspirin for commercial use was the Bayer Company. Today Aspirin is used daily by millions of Americans to help reduce the risk a heart attack. Until the late 1900’s, with the development of Aspirin alternatives such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, Aspirin was the most widely used drug around, and a common drug of choice for the overdose patient.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aspirin has many affects on the body when taken in excess amounts. One common affect is hyperventilation, which causes the patients PCO2 to drop from normal limits. The body will attempt to compensate for this by excreting bicarbonate, which results in an increase in pH blood levels. If this is not corrected, it will lead to metabolic alkalosis. Excess amounts of Aspirin will have many affects varying in severity such as severe illness, seizures, shock, and sometimes coma. Some of the more common symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, nausea and vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, hypoglycemia, and tinnitus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the pre-hospital initial assessment of the ... ...nbsp;  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, Aspirin is a drug that is commonly used in many aspects of home health care. People take Aspirin daily for different reasons, including pain control and cardiovascular therapy. Aspirin overdose is a common finding and is often a co-drug in suicidal attempts. Overdose patients present with varying degrees of symptoms. Some of the more common symptoms include hypotension, tachypnea, nausea and vomiting, hypoglycemia and tinnitus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a paramedic encounters a patient who presents with Aspirin overdose, the paramedics primary concern is to stabilize all life threatening conditions, secondly, the paramedic must perform an in-depth patient interview in the attempt to establish how much Aspirin was ingested and how long its been since ingestion. Initial treatment for the patient with Aspirin overdose is the administration of 100% oxygen and continuous monitoring of the patients vitals signs and ECG. If indicated, the paramedic should administer Activated Charcoal to prevent the ongoing absorption of Salicylatic Acid. Finally, transport the patient to the emergency department for physician evaluation and blood analysis.

Nickel and Dimed

As the main objective of this experiment was to determine that it is practically impossible for a low skilled and low-wage female worker and a single mother to earn enough money in order to get proper lodging, fulfill necessary needs and support her children, the outcome of her experiment in her own perspective was quite positive and satisfactory. Ehrenreich spend one month in three different cities of the United States to determine the workplace conditions, wages, behavior of the employers regarding the low-wage and low skilled employees and she was successful in finding out with a nearly real life experience that’s why she was satisfied with her experience and find herself as an above average low skilled worker. The experiment undertaken by Ehrenreich was extremely successful in her own perspective because she eventually found out what she intended to. As she has discussed in her last chapter â€Å"The Evaluation† that all the three case studies explicitly reveal that it is extremely difficult for a low-wage worker to find proper lodgings with the current level of wages in the country. She also found out that a single job is never enough for a low skilled worker to earn enough money in order to meet his/her end meets. Moreover the employers behavior is also highly disparaging. The employers use wicked techniques to keep the wages as low as possible and keep the employees in constant pressure so that they never get organized against their unfair treatment. (Ehrenreich) All these things make the life of a low-wage worker extremely difficult and demanding. According to her evaluation in all the three cities the rate of housing surpassed the wages of the low-income employees making it virtually impossible to get proper lodgings. (Ehrenreich) So by keeping in mind that her objective was to finding out that it is impossible for a low-income wageworker to get proper lodgings and meet end meets, her experiment was extremely successful in her own perspective also. She can certainly said that she has met the objectives of her experiment as she has found out that lowest 20% of the workforce of the U.S. economy is in extremely difficult condition and their problems are so severe, so complex that it is also extremely difficult for them to overcome these problems or find better jobs even if they exist in their surroundings. (Ehrenreich) Her main objective was to determine the difference between the lives of the high paid and low-wage workers, and that most of the needs of the high paid labor is met by the low paid and unskilled labor. In my own perspective the experiment carried out by Ehrenreich was highly successful. She presented us the true picture of the low-income Americans’ lives and helps us realize the severity of the problems the low-income labor force faces during their jobs and in their workplace. She gives the living proof of the reality that it is virtually impossible for a low-wage worker to survive in these conditions and find a shelter for himself, especially if the worker is a single mother and she has to provide food and support to her siblings also. Thus the outcome of this experiment clearly indicates of its success. She proved that the employers’ exploit is so extreme in nature that even the shortage of the labor does not compel them to raise the wage, i.e. universal economic rules do not apply for these low-income labor. (Ehrenreich) As a learned member of society I can use the knowledge of this book by making people realize that the so-called claim of a prosper and welfare America is just a bluff and a slogan which only depicts the external shine and wealth of the corporate America. While in the deep there are certain levels of the American economy and workforce, which suffers as much as any other workforce in a third world and developing country. We can use this book and the outcome of this research in order to find the solution, which will help us to eradicate the deprivation of the low-income workforce at the bottom of the U.S. economy. We can use this book to increase the awareness of the people about the sufferings of the low-income workers. We can use this knowledge to disclose the persecution of the corporate sector of their low-income employees and to persuade the employers to behave more humane with their low-income employees and make the workplace a better place for them and raise their wages to a level which would practically make it possible for them to meet their end needs, but also to go ahead. The overall output of the experiment of Ehrenreich and the tone of the language of last chapter evaluation clearly indicates that the experiment was a complete success in the view of the author and she thinks that she has finally determined what she has sought through out her 3-month expedition. She finally came with the living proof of what she initially claimed that it is virtually impossible for a low-skilled and low-income wageworker to earn enough money, by which they can get proper housing and meet their end meets and support their dependants like siblings or get medical treatment even when their lives and health is at stake. The book is a complete success in a reader’s perspective become it creates awareness of this unfair practice of the employers of the corporate America, who continue to insist on exploiting the low-wage workers and deprive them not only of their end needs but also from any prospect of getting ahead. Thus this book and the research in it is an important and helpful knowledge regarding the unfair class structure in the American Society. Works Cited Ehrenreich, Barbara. â€Å"Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America.† Holt Paperbacks. May 1, 2002.                                                                      Nickel and Dimed Nickel and Dimed, written by Barbara Ehrenreich has been published in 2001 for the first time. This book explains and describes the condition of the working poor in United States in the 21st century. To write this book the author who is a well-known journalist at the New York Times decides to experience being a low-wage worker for a few months. She gives up her middle class life to become and live as a working poor. The author establishes a few rules at the beginning of her challenge such as not to go hungry or always having a car. But, except for those few exceptions she decides to go through the same life as her new coworkers. She starts her experience in Florida then she goes to Maine and finally to Minnesota. Therefore, Nickel and Dimed describes the experiment and the troubles Ehrenreich had to go through while she was a working poor. She particularly accentuates on how humiliated and how ashamed people are of being poor. Shame and humiliation are essential themes of this book are explained and described through different ways such as the fact that poor people are invisible or not respected in their jobs or not able to talk freely, or mistreated by their manager even if they are sick. First of all, the author explains that the poor are invisible and how they feel about it. â€Å"Maids as an occupational group, are not visible, and when we are seen we are often sorry for it† (99). The feeling of invisibility is normally one of the worst feelings that a human being should feel. But according to Ehrenreich, the maids feel relieved when they are not seen. Other people are looking at them as stupid people. They do not fit in the society. In fact, nowadays a person who does not use their brain in their work is not respected by others or by the upper classes. Holly, Ehrenreich’s coworker and friend, describes in chapter two the mean and negative remarks people did to her when they know that she is a maid. She said, â€Å" We’re nothing to these people† (100). Therefore, the poor are invisible in this society where the intellectual skills are valuable. They feel better when they are not noticed because they prefer to avoid the mean remarks from other. But, feeling invisible in their everyday life is a shame. They are human beings who need to be considered by others and integrated in a group to socialize as everyone else. Second of all, readers understand that low-wage workers are not respected in their job and this starts at the hiring process. While Ehrenreich tries to be hired at Wal-Mart in chapter three she explains that she has to go through psychological and drug tests. The first test is not supposed to affect the decision of the managers but in fact it does. Roberta, her coworker â€Å"takes it off to another room where, she says a computer will ‘score it’. After about ten minutes, she’s back with alarming news: I’ve gotten three answers wrong† (240). Corporations start to lie to their employees before hiring them. Low wage people as B. Ehrenreich are not hired because of their quality or personality. The relation between the employees and them is a computer. The corporation does not consider them. Working poor could be compared as animals that pass or fail a test before being bought. Those workers lose their self-esteem because of the lack of consideration they receive in their jobs. It is a perpetual humiliation to feel ignore by everyone. Third of all, Ehrenreich describes how employees are not allowed to talk to the customers. For example, when the author works at Hearthside her manager tells her, â€Å"No chatting for you, girl. No fancy service ethic allowed for the serfs. Chatting with customers is for the good-looking young college-educated servers in the downtown capriccio and ceviche joints, the kids who can make $70-$100 a night† (35). And Ehrenreich explains that she was not also allowed to talk to her coworkers while she was at Wal-Mart of certain subjects. And if she did, she could be fired. But, forbidding people to talk about certain subjects or to discuss with some of their coworkers is a violation of the fundamental rights. In the author’s experiences, readers understand that she has lost her humanity because freedom of speech is one of the fundamental rights that is expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was established in 1945 by the United Nations. Speaking is an advantage of men because we are the only species who can communicate. Losing this advantage makes the person feel like she is not even human anymore. He loses all his self-esteem and feels humiliated. Finally, Ehrenreich shows how the health of people is not respected in the low wage class. While the author works at The Maids we have the perfect description of this kind of humiliation because her manager â€Å" Ted doesn’t have much sympathy for illness, though; one of our morning meeting was on the subject of ‘ working through it’ †(87). He mistreats the author’s friend and coworker, Holly who is pregnant and has to work to survive because she does not have any money. But Ted forces her to work in terrible conditions. Holly cannot take a real lunch break or a few days of vacation to rest even if she is extremely sick and tired because of her pregnancy. And if she takes her break without her manager’s approval she could be fired. She appears like a slave who is forced to do every task her manager assigns her even if Ted does not pay attention to the fact that she is sick. Therefore, Ehrenreich has to stand up and fight for her friend to have the permission to take a day off. But Ted would let a woman works even if he knows that she is about to be taken to the ER. I believe that a person who is sick cannot be forced to fight against her body. Unhealthy people should be helped and not used as slaves. Therefore, this episode underlines how humiliating it is for a sick person to be forced to work. Holly in this episode becomes an animal who has to work even if she is physically unable to. Working poor are not only having money problems they also have to go through humiliation and shame in their everyday life. Trying to modify their social status is almost impossible when we understand how they are treated. They lose their self-esteem and do not trust themselves anymore. Therefore, they will not even try to change jobs. They are stuck in their own conditions. They are not considered as humans in their job. The low-wage workers are unsocialized because of their wages and are mentally destroyed by their managers. Barbara Ehrenreich describes their situation in this book through her own experience to inform the world of their situation. In the 21st century in a country like United States, which is supposed to be the most powerful nation in the world, citizens cannot accept that others are treated like that. Low-wage workers need to be respected. Nickel and Dimed Nickel and Dimed, written by Barbara Ehrenreich has been published in 2001 for the first time. This book explains and describes the condition of the working poor in United States in the 21st century. To write this book the author who is a well-known journalist at the New York Times decides to experience being a low-wage worker for a few months. She gives up her middle class life to become and live as a working poor. The author establishes a few rules at the beginning of her challenge such as not to go hungry or always having a car. But, except for those few exceptions she decides to go through the same life as her new coworkers. She starts her experience in Florida then she goes to Maine and finally to Minnesota. Therefore, Nickel and Dimed describes the experiment and the troubles Ehrenreich had to go through while she was a working poor. She particularly accentuates on how humiliated and how ashamed people are of being poor. Shame and humiliation are essential themes of this book are explained and described through different ways such as the fact that poor people are invisible or not respected in their jobs or not able to talk freely, or mistreated by their manager even if they are sick. First of all, the author explains that the poor are invisible and how they feel about it. â€Å"Maids as an occupational group, are not visible, and when we are seen we are often sorry for it† (99). The feeling of invisibility is normally one of the worst feelings that a human being should feel. But according to Ehrenreich, the maids feel relieved when they are not seen. Other people are looking at them as stupid people. They do not fit in the society. In fact, nowadays a person who does not use their brain in their work is not respected by others or by the upper classes. Holly, Ehrenreich’s coworker and friend, describes in chapter two the mean and negative remarks people did to her when they know that she is a maid. She said, â€Å" We’re nothing to these people† (100). Therefore, the poor are invisible in this society where the intellectual skills are valuable. They feel better when they are not noticed because they prefer to avoid the mean remarks from other. But, feeling invisible in their everyday life is a shame. They are human beings who need to be considered by others and integrated in a group to socialize as everyone else. Second of all, readers understand that low-wage workers are not respected in their job and this starts at the hiring process. While Ehrenreich tries to be hired at Wal-Mart in chapter three she explains that she has to go through psychological and drug tests. The first test is not supposed to affect the decision of the managers but in fact it does. Roberta, her coworker â€Å"takes it off to another room where, she says a computer will ‘score it’. After about ten minutes, she’s back with alarming news: I’ve gotten three answers wrong† (240). Corporations start to lie to their employees before hiring them. Low wage people as B. Ehrenreich are not hired because of their quality or personality. The relation between the employees and them is a computer. The corporation does not consider them. Working poor could be compared as animals that pass or fail a test before being bought. Those workers lose their self-esteem because of the lack of consideration they receive in their jobs. It is a perpetual humiliation to feel ignore by everyone. Third of all, Ehrenreich describes how employees are not allowed to talk to the customers. For example, when the author works at Hearthside her manager tells her, â€Å"No chatting for you, girl. No fancy service ethic allowed for the serfs. Chatting with customers is for the good-looking young college-educated servers in the downtown capriccio and ceviche joints, the kids who can make $70-$100 a night† (35). And Ehrenreich explains that she was not also allowed to talk to her coworkers while she was at Wal-Mart of certain subjects. And if she did, she could be fired. But, forbidding people to talk about certain subjects or to discuss with some of their coworkers is a violation of the fundamental rights. In the author’s experiences, readers understand that she has lost her humanity because freedom of speech is one of the fundamental rights that is expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was established in 1945 by the United Nations. Speaking is an advantage of men because we are the only species who can communicate. Losing this advantage makes the person feel like she is not even human anymore. He loses all his self-esteem and feels humiliated. Finally, Ehrenreich shows how the health of people is not respected in the low wage class. While the author works at The Maids we have the perfect description of this kind of humiliation because her manager â€Å" Ted doesn’t have much sympathy for illness, though; one of our morning meeting was on the subject of ‘ working through it’ †(87). He mistreats the author’s friend and coworker, Holly who is pregnant and has to work to survive because she does not have any money. But Ted forces her to work in terrible conditions. Holly cannot take a real lunch break or a few days of vacation to rest even if she is extremely sick and tired because of her pregnancy. And if she takes her break without her manager’s approval she could be fired. She appears like a slave who is forced to do every task her manager assigns her even if Ted does not pay attention to the fact that she is sick. Therefore, Ehrenreich has to stand up and fight for her friend to have the permission to take a day off. But Ted would let a woman works even if he knows that she is about to be taken to the ER. I believe that a person who is sick cannot be forced to fight against her body. Unhealthy people should be helped and not used as slaves. Therefore, this episode underlines how humiliating it is for a sick person to be forced to work. Holly in this episode becomes an animal who has to work even if she is physically unable to. Working poor are not only having money problems they also have to go through humiliation and shame in their everyday life. Trying to modify their social status is almost impossible when we understand how they are treated. They lose their self-esteem and do not trust themselves anymore. Therefore, they will not even try to change jobs. They are stuck in their own conditions. They are not considered as humans in their job. The low-wage workers are unsocialized because of their wages and are mentally destroyed by their managers. Barbara Ehrenreich describes their situation in this book through her own experience to inform the world of their situation. In the 21st century in a country like United States, which is supposed to be the most powerful nation in the world, citizens cannot accept that others are treated like that. Low-wage workers need to be respected.

Retention Process Essay

The reason for this document to be written is to show how a business employees new people. For each one of these I will describe what they mean and which one is taken step by step: 1. Business approval: this is when a business is approves of having a staff member that is needed for the company in that department and they feel it is needed in this situation, They go through the board of directors to get the answer. 2. Job analysis: this is when a employee goes to a company finds out what their job is and follows what a different person is doing in the job and writes down what they are doing in their job they have applied for. 3. Job description: this is what the job is offering to the person what they will need to do in their time at the company i.e. working hours, pay, frequency and etc. This also describes the job you are applying for and what you will have to do if you get the job this is used to explain to potential employees to see what they are offering to them and to let them know whether they are able to do the job that is being given to them. 4. Person Specification: matching the job description to the qualifications of the person applying for the job, it is used for explaining that to apply for this job you need to have certain skills to do this job efficiently. 5. Advertising: this is when a business needs a replacement or a new staff member to fill for the space left so what the business has to do is to either post the job on the internet to look for replacement to even increase their chances of getting some to do the job than they could put a advert in the local newspaper. There are two ways you can advertise a job by putting it on the paper which is a non electronic way of advertising the job or they could put it on the internet as this is a electronic way a of advertising a job. 6. Candidate short listing: this is when the business is reducing the number of candidates to the final three or so on. 7. Interview/Testing: this when a business ask the person who has applied for the job has to come in for a interview to say whether they are capable of getting the job done and they could try and find a person that can do the job more efficiently than the previous person. But if they feel they can bring good quality to the company they may do a test on them to see how they cope under pressure and what they will give back to the company. 8. Selection: this were the company starts to select its candidates for the job in certain situations you may be asked to perform certain task to see how well you cope with the task or situation. They may even rate you on how good you perform in that. 9. Reference: This is when a company is about to accept you and they need a person to agree with them that they deserve the job this can not be a relative it has to be a non family member so it can either be a banker, doctor, teacher 10. Employee Induction: this is the first day for the employee if he/she has passed all of the task so far set by the company then this will be his/her first induction in which they will show you were you are working what you are going to do in the company and for the company.